Diggin’ this cartoon, friends. I’ve spent enough time with family in the Southern USA to appreciate this.
Vintage Faith: The Higher the Hair, The Closer to God - Female Style
A strong and creative idea to invite kids and adults to care about the Ugandan children’s plight.
“The Global Night Commute is a worldwide event organized by the Invisible Children organization. The Night Commute takes place this Saturday April 29th, with people all around the world converging on urban event centers in solidarity with displaced Ugandan children attempting to avoid capture by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), as is prominently displayed in the film “Invisible Childen”.
The Global Night Commute will involve the trek of thousands of men, women and children from around the world into major cities where they will mimic the nightly commute of the Ugandan children by marching en masse from one point to another and sleeping at their final destination for the entire night.”
Kyle Lake, former pastor of the University Baptist Church (David Crowder Band) died tragically some time ago. The following film and site is a tribute to him, coming out in May.
My son asked me this morning if he could play on the computer. We have a policy in our home that before school, the computer can only be used for schoolwork. I said, “Sorry little buddy, you know the deal.” He walked away, quite disappointed.
Within minutes I head what sounded like exhuberant wailing in the kitchen. I walked in to find my little guy squealing with delight with a tin foil puck he had made, re-enacting various NHL hockey plays he has come to love.
Imagination.
An Imagination Workshop. For kids and teens.
The term has been used all over the Internet. Just run a search on it. It would need to be renamed, but that’s no big deal.
I see some other name, and a workshop over a weekend that teaches this generation to use their imaginations, inspired by live instructors, the “making of” portions of film DVDs (Lord Of The Rings, Narnia, etc.), writers/story shapers, artists, etc.
Kids and teens get a “splash” of art forms, buzzing the tower of their own imagination and awakening it to fresh perspectives on life, tastes of beauty, and even avocational and vocational possibilities.
The Goals: Inspiration, Formation, Teen Artistic Collectives/Communities, Mentoring Relationships, Sheer Joy
I’m sure someone is doing this, and we’ll be doing some version of it here in our town.
A COMMON NOTE ON DAN’S IDEAS:
Go ahead and use this idea, as I probably will never get the time to implement it. I’d rather you were helped by it as an entrepreneur, rather than me take it to my grave.
If you do use an idea from the IdeaMill, and do quite well with it, just “remember my family and I” in any way you deem appropriate! Or not. These ideas will not be copyrighted by me, and its your job to see if someone has invented this already as you develop a prototype.
Working on the details of the Institute Of Contemporary & Emerging Worship Studies today, along with many other tidbits and nobs.
For now, this will get some of you who are interested starting to be aware of what is being built, and what the time frames for 06 are:
THE INSTITUTE OF CONTEMPORARY & EMERGING WORSHIP STUDIES
St. Stephen’s University, New Brunswick, Canada
For ICEWS PostCard PDF, click here.
Imagine: a local church worship leader who is a skilled musician, but also leads and writes out of a deepened prayer life, a knowledge of present, ancient and emerging ideas in the Church, a sensitivity to changing culture, a thoughtful pastoral heart, an awareness of theological ideas that have strengthened the Church for millennia.
What if someone created an intimate, roundtable learning conversation for today’s active worship leader, that drew on the riches of classical and Celtic Christianity, Ignatian prayer, spiritual theology, ancient spiritual formation literature, church and worship history, emerging and postmodern cultural reflection, community life reflection and advanced worship leadership training – all from experts in each field and offered in a beautiful and creatively inspiring environment?
Sound too good to be true? What if that same program offered university credentials, was led and developed by well-respected modern worship leaders, included a select group of international students, and involved media training (and in some cases, live or web cam) from contemporary worship influencers such as N.T. Wright, Matt Redman, Brian Doerksen, Don Williams, Brenton Brown, Tim Hughes, Derek Morphew, John Eldredge, Kathryn Scott, Peter Fitch, Mike Pilavachi, Peter Davids, Derek Morphew and others?
What if the costs were less than you would pay for specialized academic training at virtually any other university in North America or Europe?
A REVOLUTION IN WORSHIP LEADER TRAINING
The Institute Of Contemporary & Emerging Worship Studies (ICEWS) has just been born at St. Stephen’s University in New Brunswick, Canada. ICEWS is designed to engage an international base of today’s worship leaders in a vibrant conversation on contemporary and emerging worship leadership, and at the same time offer a variety of university-level programs, led by a team of influential worship leaders and scholars, suited to lead worshipers in various stages of their leadership journey.
St. Stephen’s University in New Brunswick, Canada, is now offering certificate, diploma and Master’s degree programs in Worship Leadership & Spiritual Formation, all designed to offer today’s contemporary worship leader an opportunity to advance their academic/practical study, widen their historical/theological perspective and hone their skills in effective worship leadership within 21st century culture.
Each level is uniquely designed to cater to the formation needs of various types of worship leaders, and the course work is designed to further the building of the present and emerging Church in worship, by reinvesting the present with the riches of the past, to call us forward into the future.
The Institute Offers:
ICEWS CERTIFICATE IN WORSHIP LEADERSHIP & SPIRITUAL FORMATION
Duration: Two Week Intensive, October 30 – November 10, 2006
Who: Experienced worship leaders (3-5 years in current part or full-time worship leadership, pastoral recommendation).
Hosted on the beautiful grounds of the Dominion Hill Leadership Centre in New Brunswick, Canada, our two-week intensive certificate program is uniquely designed to enrich experienced worship leaders presently leading in local churches with insights from classical and Celtic Christianity, Ignatian spirituality, historical theology and the postmodern reflection. Advanced skills in contemporary worship leadership and arranging will be explored, as well as arenas such as songwriting and leadership in the emerging Church. Reading and preparatory work will be part of the program, and the learning will be based on roundtable discussion (as opposed to a primarily lecture format).
ICEWS DIPLOMA IN WORSHIP LEADERSHIP & SPIRITUAL FORMATION
Duration: One Year Program (2 terms), Begins September 2006
Who: Any worship leader desiring a taste of university study, with a concentration on worship leadership and spiritual formation.
Open to all applicants interested in gaining a year of deepening study in areas of worship and Christian spiritual formation. Topics such as leadership in contemporary and emerging worship, spiritual theology, biblical studies, Ignatian prayer, church history, Celtic spirituality, philosophy of science and religion, contemporary band arrangement and more will be offered, all on site at St. Stephen’s University. Students receiving this diploma are also eligible to continue on through the four-year program at SSU receiving significant credit for this year, if they desire.
ICEWS MASTERS DEGREE IN WORSHIP LEADERSHIP & SPIRITUAL FORMATION
Duration: Three Year Program (two week intensive modules, 2x per year), Final Supervised Thesis (book) writing in third year – 1 two-week intensive is a study term abroad. Begins August 2007.
Who: Experienced worship leaders with a bachelor’s degree or equivalent.
This Masters program would be open to all worship leaders meeting a set criteria of experience and endorsement, who have completed the necessary undergraduate requirements to begin their Master’s level coursework. This degree will also be accompanied by a study session abroad, broadening the student’s historical and cultural reflections on worship, creativity and leadership. Reading and preparatory work will be a part of the program, as well as ongoing writing and the development of a thesis work (a book).
TRAINERS AND LOCATION
The ICEWS is directed by worship leader Dan Wilt, adjunct professor of Contemporary & Emerging Worship Leadership at St. Stephen’s University. Contemporary scholars such as Dr. Peter Fitch (Learning To Suffer Well), as well as respected worship leader and writer Brian Doerksen (Come Now Is The Time To Worship) will be involved in shaping course material and participating at various levels.
Our training will take place at the beautiful Dominion Hill Leadership Centre in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, and at St. Stephen’s University in St. Stephen, New Brunswick (www.ssu.ca).
Call the Institute at 506.466.1554 for more information, email us at icews@ssu.ca and visit our site at www.ssu.ca/icews. (note: email is active, but website is not for 2 weeks).
There is very limited enrollment, so contact us today!
Introducing the Emergent site of Canada. I’ve appreciated their posts as of late, so let’s give them some traffic over there and fuel their international fire.
Some rich thoughts buzzing over at Jason Clark’s blog (Emergent UK). Pay him a visit.
Friends,
The What Is Worship? DVD we’ve been working on for years is finally released.
It’s all about widening the imagining of worship we have in our day, to a fully-scoped worldview. Irenaeus of Lyons said, “The glory of God is a human being, fully alive.” That idea has driven me for the past 20 years immersed in the world of contemporary and emerging worship leadership.
Finally, after many years of work, the new What Is Worship? DVD is out, including my “all over the world” interviews with:
N.T. Wright, Matt Redman, Brian Doerksen, John Eldredge, David Ruis, Kathryn Scott, Derek Morphew, Tim Hughes, Nigel Briggs, Don Williams, John Wimber (well, this one wasn’t live), Peter Fitch and Peter Davids.
I’m doing W?W events in London and Holland in 2 weeks with Dr. Peter Fitch, and beginning to do some Coram Deo events (ancient/present nights of liturgical/contemporary worship) out and about.
Thus begins the next phase of the journey.
Watch for the new Institute Of Contemporary & Emerging Worship Studies we’re now founding at St. Stephen’s University, as well.
What Is Worship? DVD at Vineyard Music Canada
There is a hum, a residual frequency, ambling along in the universe, some physicists propose.
There is also a link to listen to a re-creation by a physicist at the University Of Washington in Seattle.
Big Bang sounded like a deep hum - Breaking News | Print | New Scientist
Here’s a cute little creative moment to lighten up your day from Nizlopi. My son and I had a bunch of fun wrestling yesterday. Made me think of how much I love him, even though the vid is a bit quirky.
The following are some random, scattered notes on Celtic Christianity from our course this past session. I thought I’d post them out of interest, giving some books to read and targeted insights.
Restoring The Woven Cord
Michael Mitton
Published 12 years ago, it began a renaissance of spiritual connectivity with the Celtic Christian tradition.
Celtic roots go back 1000 years before the Reformation, when all looked toward Rome, but Celtic spirituality was the first expression of Christian faith in the UK. Some believe its the nearest thing to a complete expression of the faith (Mitton).
“Truth is sought and found only in community.”
Walsh and Middleton
Self-deception is less likely if a person is willing to come before his or her peers and to make the decision in community.
In Google, if you type in “Celtic” you get:
Celtic Connection
One of the largest Wikka and witchraft sites
The Celtic Cafe’
Mythology and music
Celtic Origins
Personal histories
But, if Trinity and Jesus are central, you hit the riches.
“a thin place” (iona, st. stephen)
George McCloud
Celtic Christianity is solid in the center and loose around the edges.
For Next Week: Come with a definition of Christian community.
Discerning God’s will in community happens best when the community is healthy.
* How will we live together?
* What will our relationships be like?
* How will we honor God and each other?
For the Celts, the mundane was the edge of glory (Esther DeWaal).
There is no sacred/secular divide.
There is no difference between being religious and being normal.
There is no gap between now and eternity.
All is sacred. All is magnificent. God is ever imminent, ever close.
“Love is not doing the extraordinary thing, but knowing how to the ordinary thing so as to make it holy.”
A thin place: The veil between this world and the next is tissue thin.
A pursuit of all places to be like this. We are thickened by worries, anxieties, fears, stress. Thin in this context means access to God not on occasion, or just on mountaintops, or when we feel but, but being clear that He is ever close.
A theology of “place.” Places they’ve been to that have changed them. God is everywhere, though, right? But a theology of place suggests that sometimes when we go to places we are more open.
There is a distinction between a buzz and a way of life. The art of travel is not in seeing new places, but in seeing old places with new eyes. There is a franticness to today’s buzz seekers; the Celtic sense of thin places spoke to beautiful places, with many over centuries who were open to God in a place, to embracing the glory of the mundane, and then carrying it into the world in all places.
Is Celtic spirituality a quaint diversion that is irrelevant?
“Looking back and understanding helps you shape, craft, fashion and influence what is to come.” Gregg Finley
The Celtic prayers collected in the Hebrides and Isles by Alexander Carmichael in the late 19th century, collected from the highlands, blessings and incantations about milking the cow, warming your hands over the fire, sleeping, waking, birds, elements – mundane things. The mundane is the edge of glory. The book is Charms Of The Gaels: Hymns And Incantations.
The Celts afforded a great deal of wisdom and spiritual authority to women. In 664, there was a meeting called between the Celts and Rome to work out differences at Council of Whitby in Northern England. The meeting was called by Hilda.
The continental church was totally dominated by men, hierarchical and women were subordinate.
The Celts created a spirituality of the mundance, in the misty, cold hills of Scotland and Ireland. We can take great strength from this.
The Celtic tradition arises out of the Druid tradition. The Druids honored their women in a way that was unusual. They had a love of nature, and worshiped nature. They had a strong sense of the supernatural - all was Spirit.
The Celts built churches over spots where there were pagan temples.
St. Patrick’s day, green beer, pubs, etc. Patrick would say “Just go home and pray. You don’t need a buzz. It’s about being faithful in a non-spectacular way.” He was a guy who was in Ireland on a mission to bring the truth of Jesus to the Irish. The Irish pagan folks were led by Druid priests, with both spiritual and temporal authority. A legend/story: Patrick is in conversation with the 3 Druid priests on the shore. The Druids say “All is connected, all things interrelate. It’s cyclical, rocks, trees, us, etc. It is complete.” Then Patrick, after listening, knelt before them, and drew a big circle in the sand. “I understand what you’ve told me about the oneness of it all. He drew a cross in the middle of the circle, and spoke of Jesus, his crucifixion and resurrection. “My message to you, after hearing and respecting, there is a God who can take your circle and ultimately complete it in his death and resurrection.”
Celtic spirituality is built on story and narrative, even legend. Not journalism… but “it’s a story,” don’t be so uptight for facts, etc.
Paul’s teaching on the Body: Every true expression of Christianity is an expression of the Body. (Col. 1:18-20, 1 Cor. 12:27). “We” are the Body of Christ.
Dan’s Note: I wonder if many of the greatest acheivements of human greatness would have happened in this view of community? Individual achievement seems to be necessary.
Why are we here? To prepare God’s people for works of service, unity in the faith… etc.
Paul is speaking to the (Gal. 3:1 - you foolish Galatians, “Keltoi,” that part of Turkey, in Galatians, the Celts. Before Jesus, the Celts, sometimes called the fathers of Europe, occupied all of Europe. Also called “Gauls,” and “Celts”. 1000 BC. People of Celtic origin were throughout Europe.
Came up against Romans, and German tribes (barbarians). Celts would often lose. Pushed further and further west, into low countries, Gaul (Germany), Holland, etc. Julius Caesar beat them, and drove them further, so they went across the English channel to England in 50 BC. The Romans pursued them into Southern England. No place to go except the moments of Wales, highlands of Scotland, and even further, to Ireland. This ethnic body was pushed to the fringes of Europe. The Baskes, the Bretons (Brittany), the Welsh, the Irish and the Scots.
A rough timeline:
50 BC defeated them in the Celtic Wars
Rome controlled England until 410 AD (400 years), most of England was controlled by Rome.
A long way from Rome. The great distance, and water break from the continent, they developed ways of understanding themselves and God and each other, etc. differently from Rome.
They had a different time to celebrate Easter, they dressed differently. The Celtic monks hairstyle was different, shaved front half of hair off, and grew long hair down the back.
Rome had issues - doing things right, Pope’s word goes everywhere, bureaucracy, control, sacred trust to enforce.
In 664 Romans wanted to meet over disagreements. In Whitby today, an old abbey run by Hilda, the Abbess, who called the meeting. Written up by Bede the historian, church lawyers came, Celts come across as not being that well organized, not adversarial for the Celts. At the end of the day, Rome got its way, and Celtic church agreed to everything they were asked. The King of Northumbria, district of Northeast of England, sided with Rome.
Some sources trace decline to there. Rather, it was a “course correction,” reminded who the boss was. Woman to play a lesser role, date of Easter. From the time Rome left, to the Synod of Whitby (400 years), Celtic Christian spirituality flourished. By 1066, the Norman conquest, the Celts had basically been absorbed.
In that 400 years, Patrick and Columba took the message to the Scots, down into England. Brendan the Navigator was an Irishman who got into a coracle, a boat made with animal hides, set off from Northern Ireland into the Atlantic, no sails, believed that God would take them where they needed to go, and many centuries later Columbus included references to Iceland, Southern tip of Greenland and a “land beyond that.” It’s possible that Brendan and his followers found it before 1000.
Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, was at Whitby, a reluctant bishop, would get up early in the morning before Dawn, walk into the ocean, stand in the water praying, as the tide came in up to his neck. The water lapping around his body. He would exit the water, come up onto shore, and the otters would apparently slither up onto the shore and dry him off with their breath. He died, and a cult formed around his body. For hundreds of years his body didn’t decay (now remains are in England); taken out of the grave, and by accounts by church authorities, who say that his body had not decayed.
Iona came first, then Lindisfarne became a branch.
Discernment is personal, but never entirely private.
How do faithful people come together, and discern what God has called us to do. It is a phenomenon, a mystery, and cannoted by notated.
As we step into the riches of the past, the riches of faith, and we step into the mystery of relationships.
The more comfortable we get with love, the more comfortable we get with mystery. A journey of unlearning. With age and experience comes more comfort. Celts were very comfortable with mystery. Imagine a world where praying a prayer of protection was an urgent need. You can’t read. Demons everywhere.
Given the tensions between mystery and certainty, resolve and ambiguity, personal achievement and communal achievement, we must each seek our own life of perfect symmetry, or at least ask the question as to what would a life of symmetry look like for me?
We are learning toward mystery.
Danny Morris and Charles Olson, Discerning God’s Will Together.
“The community of people who have decided, through the history of mankind, to both follow the teaching of Jesus, model their lives after the life of Jesus, and to allow themselves to be led and guided through life by the Spirit of God. Our particular faith community is a microcosm of the larger, living a life of worship, shared journey and mission in a particular context. Often, community leaders are chosen that carry the corporate identity, and reinforce it through the tides of change.”
“Sharing life in Jesus’ Name.”
From The Celtic Way by Ian Bradley. The dominant institution of Celtic Christianity was neither the parish church nor the cathedral, but the monastery, which sometimes began as a solitary hermit’s cell (celtic hermits into a cell or cave), and often grew to become a combination of a commune, retreat house, mission station, hotel, hospital, school, university, arts centre, and powerhouse for the local community. Good people, good ideas, etc. Spiritual energy, learning and cultural enlightenment.
1. Believing
2. Behaving
3. Belonging
Stereotypical mainline church, late 20th century,
You start with “what do you believe.” Catechism and confirmation. If you believe enough of the right stuff, you’re in. After many years of doing the right believing, dressing, behaving, I feel like I’m “home.”
Northumbria
1. Belong – All are welcome. sojourn with us.
2. Believe – They begin to experience the life and vitality of the faith.
3. Behave – The final stage is behavior.
George Hunter - belonging before believing. Celtic Way Of Evangelism.
You have to get used to the taste of beer and the smell of pot if you’re going to hang around youth.
Celtic Christianity
1. Celtic Christianity was essentially monastic (but not necessarily celibate), married folks, singles, children.
Bonhoeffer called for a new monasticism, allegiance with the sermon on the mount. (Life Together).
2. The Celts expressed their faith understanding that worship and mission are one; they are not opposites.
3. The Celts expressed their faith in Hospitality. They were far more into relationships than reputation. Lindisfarne - a prayer cell, and a place to receive guests.
Starting with belonging.
4. All of life is sacred. There is no distinction between regular people and religious people. God’s presence pervades everything; all of life. God was as real in a discussion around the fire as around the Eucharist. Prayers around milking the cow, lighting fires. “The mundane is the edge of glory.” Esther DeWaal. Life is not chopped up and compartmentalized. False dichotomy. Five gospels – Matthew, Mark, Luke and John and Creation. We are born whole and good. The Church in Rome declared that to be a heresy, Augustine didn’t like it up and against Pelagius. Doctrine of original sin is still with us. When the mother holds the baby in her arms, this creature is not born evil, in the Celtic mind.
5. They took risks. When all of life is sacred, it can be freely lived, radically, in the hands of the creator. They could dare to discern God’s will no matter what it meant. Thomas Merton called a contemplative person an outlaw. They might do anything; anyone that serious about God. Evangelized much of western Europe.
Unconcerned with institutional structures, but deferred to the authority of Rome and looked to St. Peter’s, anyplace could be a thin place, tree in grove or cathedral, any moment a thin moment, solid in the center and loose around the edges.
Beliefs were solidly biblical, but their culture was loose around the edges. Reach into riches of the past, to help people come to terms. The inspiration for much of Celtic Christianity was the desert fathers of the middle east, not Rome.
Desert fathers are quoted all over in the Celtic Book Of Daily Prayer. The east greatly influenced their ideology.
Pelagius
Romans 5:12ff (last phrase - NIV “because all sinned,” “in that all have sinned”
Augustine vs. Pelagius - is sin associated with Adam’s sin or the sin of each person.
“ef” action of sinning Adam, or
Ps. 51, “in sin” did my mother conceive me. Born sinful?
Comparing Adam and Christ.
Note: Everyone knows that relational learning is the best; learning with people who care is optimal.
So I get out of the shower this morning, and to my surprise there is a Minotaur waiting to attack me. I grab the towel, toss it in front of its face, and land a full side kick to its chest.
It slams backward into the sink (insert “crack” of porcelain) and falls to the floor.
I stamped my foot with all my strength, heel onto its chest – as hard as I can right below the solar plexus. Done like dinner.
Many dreams seem to lack significance and these are eaisily intuitively screend out. Dreams rich in emotion, plot and/or symbolic are almost always potentially significant.
We always dream; remembering depends on when/how we wake up and whether we’re tuned in to paying attention. A notebook by the bed is key when wanting to pay attention.
While some dreams may be sent by God to give us a specific message, in most cases the gift of dreams refers to the their ability to reveal to us important aspects of ourselves.
Dreams naturally speak a language of symbol and metaphor. The meaning of those symbols, while culturally shaped, is idiosyncratic. We know better than any expert the associations of the symbols that occur. However, since we sometimes resist seeing the relevant association, it is sometimes useful to consult others.
Many people believe that people in our dreams primarily represent different aspects of ourselves. Quite probably, they occasionally represent “introjected others” as well.
The emotional content of a dream is often central to its understanding. It is often helpful to consdier what the dream might be saying about places in our lives where we feel the same emotion.
The “meaning” of a dream may reside in it or may be projected onto it. Either can be valid and/or useful.
One of the central purposes of dreams is to raise certain questions and suggest certain alterations of our conscious orientation.
Sometimes it can be useful to do something concrete (perhaps a ritual of a sort) to connect something we feel is significant in the dream with our life.
To have your REM sleep interupted, continually, your memory gets lost. It doesn’t have time to download the information the day before into your memory. Studies are clear. People need deep REM sleep.
An hour or two into sleep, we’re in the deepest sleep. Not dreaming. Then we go into REM cycles
Processing Dreams (Rather Than Interpreting):
Sometimes there is a meaning to draw out, other times, there is a meaning to apply to it.
Recurring Dreams Are Always Significant.
We evaluated some dreams.
Active imagination is a close cousin to inner healing prayer.
Carry through an unfinished dream or nightmare, with a light hand, by daydreaming about it. Bring it to a conclusion.
This morning, I have great affection for this quote from Thomas Kelly on p. 206 of Renovare’s Devotional Classics. For we who battle with what seems to be compulsive thinking, these words soothe me, and center me:
“The basic response of the soul to the Light is internal adoration and joy, thanksgiving and worship, self-surrender and listening. The secret places of the heart cease to be our noisy workshop. They become a holy sanctuary of adoration and self-oblation, where we are kept in perfect peace if our minds be stayed on Him who has found us in the inward springs of our life.
And in the brief intervals of overpowering visitation we are able to carry the sanctuary frame of mind out into the world, into its turmoil and fitfulness.
Powerfully are the springs of our will moved to an abandon of singing love toward God; powerfully are we moved to a new and overcoming love toward time-blinded men and all creation.”
Just did the 30 Hour Famine with 7 junior high’ers. Had a good time; they raised over $1300 for kids battling AIDS in their family, needing food and clean water.
One mission among thousands smaller and greater to be done, but one mission complete nonetheless.
We did a food and clothing give-away with our church community; the kids even wanted to serve others their lunch meal! Tough kids.
FoosBall, Narnia and Paper Football really helped. Kids did a massive graffitti wall, too, I’ll post some pics of later.
We talked about “the least of these,” the “haves and the have nots,” and becoming the “least to be the greatest.”
We also did a “Whine To Water Prayer”; i.e. everytime someone wanted to whine about their hunger, we would join in a circle and pray a “water prayer” – a written prayer for God’s love to run to the lowest places for which we were doing the famine. Worked great, after one whine, we never needed to pray it again.
I think my kids left with a refreshed worldview, and they certainly grew in their heart for those in need, recognizing that they may be the “have not” at some point, when it comes to food, water and health.
Now… must… have… break….